Kaissling B, de Rouffignac C, Barrett J M, Kriz W
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1975 Dec 23;148(2):121-43. doi: 10.1007/BF00315265.
The architecture of the desert rodent Psammomys obesus has been studied by means of standard histologic procedures and by single nephron injections. As other rodent kidneys (rat, mouse), the Psammomys kidney consists of two types of nephrons, 66% short looped and 34% long looped nephrons. The cortex is composed of 4 to 5 layers of glomeruli, which lie closely put together, the glomeruli often touch each other. The superficial and the midcortical glomeruli give rise to short looped neophrons, the juxtamedullary to long looped nephrons. In the strongly developed medulla the inner stripe shows the most striking pattern. It consists of two distinct compartments, that of the giant vascular bundles and that of the interbundle regions. The giant vascular bundles consist of about 8 to 14% arterial vasa recta and 39 to 47% venous vasa recta; furthermore they include the thin descending limbs of the short loops of Henle which amount to 44 to 51% of the bundle structures. The tubules of the interbundle regions surround the bundles in a regular pattern. The inner zone is almost completely surrounded by the renal pelvis; the long broad papilla protrudes into the ureter. The thin descending limbs of short looped nephrons traverse the inner stripe inside the giant vascular bundles. Leaving the bundles they turn back within the inner stripe; their ascending limbs lie in the interbundle region. Both limbs of the long loops of Henle run in the interbundle region, together with the ascending limbs of the short loops and the collecting ducts. The long loops penetrate deeply the inner zone. Many bends are found near the tip of the papilla. The renal pelvis has a very specialized form. It penetrates the inner stripe with many complexely shaped extensions, which surround the giant vascular bundles. Large parts of the bundles with their thin walled structures are thus separated from the pelvic urine only by a single layer of cuboidal epithelium. The possible functional importance of the described specializations of the Psammomys kidney (giant vascular bundles, large inner zone, special shape of the renal pelvis) for the urine concentrating and urea recyclng mechanisms is discussed.
通过标准组织学程序和单肾单位注射法，对沙漠啮齿动物肥胖沙鼠的肾脏结构进行了研究。与其他啮齿动物（大鼠、小鼠）的肾脏一样，肥胖沙鼠的肾脏由两种类型的肾单位组成，66%为短袢肾单位，34%为长袢肾单位。皮质由4至5层紧密排列的肾小球组成，肾小球常常相互接触。浅表和皮质中部的肾小球产生短袢肾单位，近髓肾小球产生长袢肾单位。在发育强烈的髓质中，内带呈现出最显著的结构模式。它由两个不同的部分组成，即巨大血管束部分和束间区域部分。巨大血管束由约8%至14%的直小动脉和39%至47%的直小静脉组成；此外，它们还包括亨氏短袢的细降支，其占束结构的44%至51%。束间区域的肾小管以规则模式围绕着血管束。内区几乎完全被肾盂包围；长而宽的乳头突入输尿管。短袢肾单位的细降支在巨大血管束内穿过内带。离开血管束后，它们在内带内折返；其升支位于束间区域。亨氏长袢的两支与短袢的升支和集合管一起位于束间区域。长袢深深穿透内区。在乳头尖端附近发现许多弯曲。肾盂具有非常特殊的形态。它通过许多形状复杂的延伸部分穿透内带，这些延伸部分围绕着巨大血管束。因此，血管束的大部分薄壁结构仅通过单层立方上皮与肾盂尿液分隔开。文中讨论了肥胖沙鼠肾脏所描述的这些特殊结构（巨大血管束、大的内区、肾盂的特殊形态）对于尿液浓缩和尿素再循环机制可能具有的功能重要性。
