Engle R W, Durban E D
Percept Mot Skills. 1977 Dec;45(3 Pt 2):1203-10. doi: 10.2466/pms.1977.45.3f.1203.
Auditorily and visually presented lists were either tested or not tested immediately after input and were later tested on a delayed recognition test. For those lists given the immediate free-recall test, auditory presentation was superior on this immediate test. On the delayed recognition test the tested lists led to higher performance than non-tested lists. For tested lists auditory presentation led to superior recognition for the terminal serial positions, while for non-tested lists visual presentation led to higher performance on the last few positions. The fact that modality of presentation had opposite effects on delayed recognition of the lists was discussed in terms of current models of modality effects.
听觉呈现和视觉呈现的列表在输入后要么立即进行测试，要么不进行测试，随后会在延迟识别测试中进行测试。对于那些接受即时自由回忆测试的列表，听觉呈现在该即时测试中表现更优。在延迟识别测试中，经过测试的列表比未测试的列表表现更好。对于经过测试的列表，听觉呈现导致末尾连续位置的识别效果更佳，而对于未测试的列表，视觉呈现在最后几个位置的表现更好。根据当前的模态效应模型，讨论了呈现方式对列表延迟识别产生相反影响这一事实。
