Leuchtenberger C, Leuchtenberger R
Br J Exp Pathol. 1977 Dec;58(6):625-34.
Sequential morphological and cytochemical effects of L-cysteine and vitamin C were assessed on hamster lung cultures exposed to smoke from either tobacco or marihuana cigarettes. Hamster lung cultures, when grown in normal media (Eagle-Dulbecco) without L-cysteine (NM), and exposed to fresh smoke from either tobacco or marihuana cigarettes for 1-8 weeks, displayed cytotoxic alterations, loss of lysosomes, and marked abnormalities of cell division and of DNA content of chromosomes, while cultures exposed in the same manner and grown in the same NM, but to which L-cysteine was added, showed increase of lysosomes and significantly less abnormalities in cell division and DNA content of chromosomes (P<0·005). Cultures grown in NM and exposed for 9-24 weeks to smoke (whole smoke or gas vapour phase) disclosed more and more rapid irregular growth of fibroblasts and/or malignant transformation, while cultures grown in NM with L-cysteine and exposed in the same manner to smoke resembled closely those of non-exposed controls. Non-exposed control cultures grown in NM did not show significant differences from those grown in NM+L-cysteine, except that controls with L-cysteine also showed increase of lysosomes, accompanied by a reduced growth rate. Addition of vitamin C to NM had a similar effect on growth of control and smoke exposed cultures as L-cysteine, but the cultures were less regular and grew more rapidly than with L-cystene. There was also occurrence of multinucleated giant cells. Cultures grown in NM which had undergone malignant transformation continued their abnormal growth during the examined period (over 2 years). However, when such transformed cultures were grown for 3 months or longer in NM with L-cysteine or vitamin C, the growth became more and more normal, and the cultures resembled closely those of non-exposed controls. These results suggest that, in hamster lung cultures, addition of L-cysteine or vitamin C to media protects against or reverses abnormal growth and malignant transformation occurring either in aged controls (1-2 years old) or in young cultures (3-6 months old) after repeated exposure to smoke from tobacco or marihuana cigarettes. The increase of lysosomes after L-cysteine or vitamin C also points to the possible importance of lysosomes in protecting the cultures against the enhancement of carcinogenesis by smoke.
评估了L-半胱氨酸和维生素C对暴露于烟草或大麻香烟烟雾中的仓鼠肺组织培养物的连续形态学和细胞化学作用。仓鼠肺组织培养物在不含L-半胱氨酸的正常培养基（伊格尔-杜尔贝科培养基）中生长（NM），并暴露于烟草或大麻香烟的新鲜烟雾中1至8周，会出现细胞毒性改变、溶酶体丢失以及细胞分裂和染色体DNA含量的明显异常，而以相同方式在相同的NM中生长但添加了L-半胱氨酸的培养物，溶酶体增加，细胞分裂和染色体DNA含量的异常明显减少（P<0.005）。在NM中生长并暴露于烟雾（全烟雾或气相）9至24周的培养物显示成纤维细胞越来越快速的不规则生长和/或恶性转化，而在添加L-半胱氨酸的NM中生长并以相同方式暴露于烟雾的培养物与未暴露的对照培养物非常相似。在NM中生长的未暴露对照培养物与在NM + L-半胱氨酸中生长的对照培养物没有显著差异，只是添加L-半胱氨酸的对照培养物也显示溶酶体增加，同时生长速率降低。向NM中添加维生素C对对照培养物和暴露于烟雾的培养物的生长产生了与L-半胱氨酸类似的影响，但培养物不如添加L-半胱氨酸时规则，生长更快。还出现了多核巨细胞。在NM中生长且已发生恶性转化的培养物在检查期间（超过2年）继续其异常生长。然而，当这种转化的培养物在添加L-半胱氨酸或维生素C的NM中生长3个月或更长时间时，生长变得越来越正常，并且培养物与未暴露的对照培养物非常相似。这些结果表明，在仓鼠肺组织培养物中，向培养基中添加L-半胱氨酸或维生素C可防止或逆转在老年对照（1至2岁）或年轻培养物（3至6个月大）中反复暴露于烟草或大麻香烟烟雾后出现的异常生长和恶性转化。L-半胱氨酸或维生素C添加后溶酶体的增加也表明溶酶体在保护培养物免受烟雾增强致癌作用方面可能具有重要意义。
