Parkhouse W S, McKenzie D C
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984 Aug;16(4):328-38.
Sprint-trained athletes demonstrate a remarkable ability to perform exercise which results in fatigue quickly. However, the mechanisms for these enhanced performance capabilities have not been fully elucidated. Elevation in glycolytic enzymes and increased fast-twitch fiber compositions which would result in an enhanced ability to produce ATP do not appear to be capable of accounting for the greatly enhanced performances. Associated with these performances are large accumulations of anaerobic end products which produce decrements in intracellular pH. Because intracellular pH decrements of sufficient magnitude have been shown to inhibit athletic performances, it has been postulated that sprint-trained athletes have an enhanced proton-sequestering capability which would ultimately alter the rate of pH decrement. This would delay the inhibition of the enzymatic and contractile machinery resulting in enhanced performances. The intracellular buffers that are capable of contributing to this enhanced buffering capacity were identified as inorganic phosphate, protein-bound histidine residues, the dipeptide carnosine, bicarbonate, and creatine phosphate. Thus, it has been suggested that increased buffer capacities within sprint-trained athletes may be a contributing factor to his/her enhanced anaerobic performance capacities.
短跑训练的运动员表现出一种非凡的能力，能够迅速进行导致疲劳的运动。然而，这些增强的运动能力的机制尚未完全阐明。糖酵解酶的升高和快速收缩纤维成分的增加，这将导致产生ATP的能力增强，但似乎无法解释其运动表现的大幅提升。与这些表现相关的是大量厌氧终产物的积累，这些产物会导致细胞内pH值下降。由于已证明足够幅度的细胞内pH值下降会抑制运动表现，因此有人推测，短跑训练的运动员具有增强的质子隔离能力，这最终会改变pH值下降的速率。这将延迟对酶和收缩机制的抑制，从而提高运动表现。能够促进这种增强的缓冲能力的细胞内缓冲剂被确定为无机磷酸盐、蛋白质结合的组氨酸残基、二肽肌肽、碳酸氢盐和磷酸肌酸。因此，有人认为，短跑训练的运动员体内缓冲能力的增强可能是其厌氧运动能力增强的一个因素。
