[Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery].

In non-small cell carcinoma with lymph node involvement chemotherapy is able to improve survival as well as surgery and chemotherapy in small-cell carcinoma. In heart valve replacement with bioprosthesis change in procurement and fixation has improved 7-year survival rate from 75-95%. Modern pace makers use breathing frequency and Q-T interval from EKG to adjust cardiac output according to demand. Implantable defibrillators are able to reduce lethality in malignant arrhythmias. Acute myocardial revascularisation cannot prevent an infarct but reduce its extent. In chronic pulmonary artery obstruction endarterectomy is possible in selected cases.