MacRae W D, Towers G H
J Ethnopharmacol. 1984 Oct;12(1):75-92.
The use of the resin of Virola elongata as an arrow poison was investigated. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of the dried bark were not observed to have toxic effects when administered intraperitoneally to mice. In an attempt to determine if the hallucinogenic indole alkaloid constituents of the bark, which form the basis for the alternate use of this material as a ceremonial snuff, could also be responsible for its use as an arrow poison, alkaloidal and non-alkaloidal extracts were compared with respect to their behavioral effects on mice. The non-alkaloidal extract was more effective in producing an observable alteration in behavior. This consisted of a marked reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity. The extract was fractionated and 13 of the major constituents assayed for their ability to reduce spontaneous locomotor activity. Most of this biological activity of the extract was attributable to the presence of the bis-tetrahydrofuran lignans, epi-sesartemin, sesartemin, epi-yangambin and yangambin. Each of these compounds was also observed to reduce isolation induced aggression when administered to mice.
对长叶维罗勒树脂用作箭毒的情况进行了研究。将干燥树皮的水提取物和甲醇提取物腹腔注射给小鼠时，未观察到有毒作用。为了确定树皮中作为该材料用作仪式鼻烟替代用途基础的致幻吲哚生物碱成分是否也可解释其用作箭毒的原因，对生物碱提取物和非生物碱提取物对小鼠的行为影响进行了比较。非生物碱提取物在产生可观察到的行为改变方面更有效。这表现为自发运动活动显著减少。对该提取物进行了分级分离，并对13种主要成分降低自发运动活动的能力进行了测定。该提取物的大部分生物活性归因于双四氢呋喃木脂素、表芝麻素、芝麻素、表羊齿素和羊齿素的存在。给小鼠施用这些化合物中的每一种时，还观察到其可减少隔离诱导的攻击行为。
