Odell W D, Parker L N
Endocr Res. 1984;10(3-4):617-30. doi: 10.1080/07435808409036520.
The major adrenal androgens are dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and androstenedione (delta 4). Studies by Cutler et al in 1978 demonstrated that these androgens are detectable in blood of all domestic and laboratory animals studied, but that only 4 species show increase in one or more with sexual maturation: rabbit, dog, chimpanzee and man. Studies by Grover and Odell in 1975 show these androgens do not bind to the androgen receptor obtained from rat prostate and thus probably are androgens only by conversion to an active androgen in vivo. Thomas and Oake in 1974 showed human skin converted DHEA to testosterone. The control of adrenal androgen secretion is in part modulated by ACTH. However, other factors or hormones must exist also, for a variety of clinical observations show dissociation in adrenal androgen versus cortisol secretion. Other substances that have been said to be controllers of adrenal androgen secretion include estrogens, prolactin, growth hormone, gonadotropins and lipotropin. None of these appear to be the usual physiological modulator, although under some circumstances each may increase androgen production. Studies from our laboratory using in vivo experiments in the castrate dog and published in 1979 indicated that crude extracts of bovine pituitary contained a substance that either modified ACTH stimulation of adrenal androgen secretion, or stimulated secretion itself - Cortisol Androgen Stimulating Hormone. Parker et al in 1983 showed a 60,000 MW glycoprotein was extractable from human pituitaries, which stimulated DHA secretion by dispersed canine adrenal cells in vitro, but did not stimulate cortisol secretion. This material contained no ACTH by radioimmunoassay. In 1982 Brubaker et al reported a substance was also present in human fetal pituitaries, which stimulated DHA secretion, but did not effect cortisol.
主要的肾上腺雄激素是脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）、硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEAS）和雄烯二酮（δ4）。1978年卡特勒等人的研究表明，在所有研究的家养动物和实验动物的血液中都可检测到这些雄激素，但只有4个物种在性成熟时一种或多种雄激素水平会升高：兔子、狗、黑猩猩和人类。1975年格罗弗和奥德尔的研究表明，这些雄激素不会与从大鼠前列腺获得的雄激素受体结合，因此可能仅通过在体内转化为活性雄激素才成为雄激素。1974年托马斯和奥克表明，人类皮肤可将DHEA转化为睾酮。肾上腺雄激素分泌的控制部分受促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）调节。然而，肯定还存在其他因素或激素，因为各种临床观察表明肾上腺雄激素分泌与皮质醇分泌之间存在分离现象。据说其他一些可控制肾上腺雄激素分泌的物质包括雌激素、催乳素、生长激素、促性腺激素和促脂素。这些物质似乎都不是通常的生理调节剂，尽管在某些情况下每种物质都可能增加雄激素的产生。我们实验室1979年发表的关于去势犬体内实验的研究表明，牛垂体粗提物中含有一种物质，它要么改变ACTH对肾上腺雄激素分泌的刺激作用，要么本身刺激分泌——皮质醇雄激素刺激激素。1983年帕克等人表明，可从人垂体中提取出一种分子量为60000的糖蛋白，它在体外可刺激分散的犬肾上腺细胞分泌脱氢表雄酮（DHA），但不刺激皮质醇分泌。通过放射免疫测定，这种物质不含ACTH。1982年布鲁贝克等人报告称，人胎儿垂体中也存在一种物质，它可刺激DHA分泌，但不影响皮质醇分泌。
