Druse M J
Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1981 Summer;3(2):81-7.
The effects of maternal alcohol consumption on the levels and metabolism of neurotransmitters in offspring are reviewed. In addition, studies of CNS myelination and hepatic lipids are discussed. In utero exposure to ethanol is reported to alter the steady-state levels, metabolism or release of catecholamines, octopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine and histamine. However, with the exception of a deficit of hypothalamic norepinephrine and a deficit of whole brain serotonin, most of the neurotransmitter alterations appear to be either transient or were detected when ethanol was present in the fetus or neonatal animals. There are conflicting reports on the effect of pre- and early postnatal exposure to ethanol on CNS myelination in the rat. However, it appears that if ethanol and control rats were of comparable body weights, there were only minor differences in myelination. Nonetheless, if the rat mothers consumed ethanol for 1 1/2--2 months prior to conception and during gestation, the offspring had increased myelin early in development. An examination of hepatic lipids in the fetal and neonatal rats that were exposed to ethanol in utero and at the time of sacrifice demonstrated an increased concentration of hepatic lipids and decreased fatty acid oxidation. The discussion of the neurotransmitter, myelin and hepatic lipid studies include an assessment of the nutritional status of the animals and the permanence of any observed abnormalities.
本文综述了孕期母体饮酒对后代神经递质水平及代谢的影响。此外，还讨论了中枢神经系统髓鞘形成和肝脏脂质的相关研究。据报道，子宫内暴露于乙醇会改变儿茶酚胺、章鱼胺、血清素、谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、乙酰胆碱和组胺的稳态水平、代谢或释放。然而，除了下丘脑去甲肾上腺素缺乏和全脑血清素缺乏外，大多数神经递质的改变似乎是短暂的，或者是在胎儿或新生动物体内存在乙醇时检测到的。关于产前和产后早期暴露于乙醇对大鼠中枢神经系统髓鞘形成的影响，存在相互矛盾的报道。然而，似乎如果乙醇喂养组和对照组大鼠体重相当，髓鞘形成方面只有微小差异。尽管如此，如果大鼠母亲在受孕前1个半月至2个月以及妊娠期摄入乙醇，其后代在发育早期髓鞘会增加。对子宫内及处死时暴露于乙醇的胎儿和新生大鼠的肝脏脂质进行检查发现，肝脏脂质浓度增加，脂肪酸氧化减少。对神经递质、髓鞘形成和肝脏脂质研究的讨论包括对动物营养状况的评估以及任何观察到的异常情况的持久性。
