Lhuillier M, Pajot F X, Mouchet J, Robin Y
Med Trop (Mars). 1981 Jan-Feb;41(1):73-84.
Historically, yellow fever has dominated arboviral diseases in South America and the Caribbean and sylvatic cases still occur every year (more than 200 in 1979). The dengue, by the very large number of cases occurring in the area during successive epidemics--the most important being the last one in 1977-1978--is a serious problem for public health, an epidemic of hemorrhagic dengue being a constant threat. Encephalitides are the third syndrome of arboviral etiology observed in the South American subcontinent. Some which preferably attack horses have been known for a long time whereas the one due to the Rocio virus of an even graver prognosis, was recently discovered. These diseases present a large range of epidemiological forms. Dengue is an example of an urban illness transmitted from man to man through the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. But most of the viruses circulate between vectors and wild vertebrates in sylvatic cycle. For some viruses, both mechanisms can be involved. It is the case for Oropouche virus and yellow fever even if at present the urban form is the only recorded for the latter.
从历史上看，黄热病在南美洲和加勒比地区一直是虫媒病毒疾病中的主要病种，至今每年仍有丛林型病例出现（1979年超过200例）。登革热方面，该地区在连续几次疫情期间出现了大量病例——其中最重要的是1977 - 1978年的那次疫情——这对公共卫生构成了严重问题，出血性登革热疫情始终是一大威胁。脑炎是在南美洲次大陆观察到的由虫媒病毒引起的第三种综合征。一些主要侵袭马匹的脑炎早已为人所知，而由罗西奥病毒引起的脑炎预后更严重，是最近才发现的。这些疾病呈现出多种流行病学形式。登革热是一种通过埃及伊蚊在人与人之间传播的城市疾病。但大多数病毒在丛林型循环中在病媒和野生脊椎动物之间传播。对于一些病毒来说，两种传播机制都可能涉及。奥罗波切病毒和黄热病就是这种情况，尽管目前黄热病仅记录到城市型病例。
