[Immunotherapy (hypo-/desensitization) in allergic diseases (author's transl)].

The aim of hyposensitization therapy is to achieve an allergen tolerance. The solutions for hyposensitization are available as water soluble, semi-depot or depot allergen extracts. The strengths of the solutions are given in the following units: PNU (protein nitrogen units), w/v (weight/volume) and HEP (histamine equivalent in pricktesting). A comparison between the units is of limited value, as no information about the immunological potency is possible. Most experience centres on the parenteral allergen application, but recently oral hyposensitization has gained ground. The hyposensitization treatment can be performed in the conventional manner or in the form of a rapid hyposensitization. The length of treatment is at least 2 years. The assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment can be achieved by the history of natural allergen exposition, provocation tests on the target organs, the course of the allergen specific IgG and IgE antibodies as well as testing the histamine release from leukocytes. Further improved efficacy, shortening of the course of immunisation and the elimination of side effects should be developed.