Smith K A, Cornett L E, Norris J S, Byers L W, Muirhead E E
Life Sci. 1982 Nov 1;31(18):1891-902. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90027-3.
The experimental evidence reviewed in this article suggests that the kidneys may have an additional function in regulating blood pressure besides their role in controlling both blood volume by urine formation and the relative state of vasoconstriction by the renin-angiotensin system. That is, the kidneys may have an additional influence upon the vasculature of a hormonal vasodilating system. The interstitial cells of the renal medulla appear to be mediating this activity and lipid compounds have been extracted from the renal medulla which display depressor activity. One such compound, the antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid (APRL), has been demonstrated to consist of specific alkyl ether analogues of phosphatidylcholine. The vascular responses to these compounds include vasodilation of both arterioles and venules, rapid lowering of arterial blood pressure with little or no tachycardia, increased depressor activity in hypertensive animals, and blockade of vascular smooth muscle alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. Most recently, APRL and a synthetic analogue, 1-0-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, have been used to demonstrate alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade on a smooth muscle cell line (DDT1) by radioligand assays. This action may be due to the insertion of these compounds into cell membranes causing subsequent steric interactions and blockade of the alpha-adrenergic receptor.
本文所综述的实验证据表明，肾脏除了通过尿液生成控制血容量以及通过肾素 - 血管紧张素系统控制血管收缩的相对状态来调节血压外，可能还具有其他功能。也就是说，肾脏可能对一种激素性血管舒张系统的脉管系统有额外影响。肾髓质的间质细胞似乎在介导这一活动，并且已从肾髓质中提取出具有降压活性的脂质化合物。其中一种化合物，即抗高血压极性肾髓质脂质（APRL），已被证明由磷脂酰胆碱的特定烷基醚类似物组成。这些化合物引起的血管反应包括小动脉和小静脉的血管舒张、动脉血压快速下降且几乎没有心动过速、高血压动物的降压活性增加以及血管平滑肌α1 - 肾上腺素能受体的阻断。最近，APRL和一种合成类似物，1 - O - 十八烷基 - 2 - 乙酰 - sn - 甘油 - 3 - 磷酸胆碱，已被用于通过放射性配体测定法在平滑肌细胞系（DDT1）上证明α - 肾上腺素能受体阻断。这种作用可能是由于这些化合物插入细胞膜导致随后的空间相互作用以及α - 肾上腺素能受体的阻断。
