Krstić M K
Neuropharmacology. 1982 Nov;21(11):1151-62. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(82)90173-3.
General characteristics and the nature of cardiovascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh) injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (LCV), the 4th cerebral ventricle (4th CV) and the cisterna magna (CM) were studied. Acetylcholine, depending on the route of injection, the dose and the peripheral vascular tone, produced both increases and decreases in blood pressure and heart rate. After injection of central anticholinesterase agents (physostigmine, neostigmine, armin), the pressor response to ACh was reversed to a depressor response, with or without a secondary pressor response, accompanied by a bradycardia. The vascular effects were selectively abolished by central administration of atropine, indicating that they are mediated via muscarinic cholinoceptors. It is concluded that cardiovascular responses to ACh can be initiated at a number of cardiovascular loci situated at various levels of the rat brain. It seems that both muscarinic cholinoceptors mediating pressor responses and those mediating depressor responses exist in the cardiovascular loci of all these brain levels, but not in an equal proportion. The hypothesis is proposed that the muscarinic cholinoceptors responsible for pressor effects are more sensitive to ACh and functionally probably more competent than muscarinic cholinoceptors responsible for depressor effects, the latter being in a markedly greater number. The present study provides additional support for the idea that ACh participates in the physiological control of the rat cardiovascular system, as both a central cholinergic excitatory and inhibitory regulator.
研究了向大鼠侧脑室（LCV）、第四脑室（4th CV）和小脑延髓池（CM）注射乙酰胆碱（ACh）时心血管反应的一般特征和性质。根据注射途径、剂量和外周血管张力的不同，乙酰胆碱可使血压和心率升高或降低。注射中枢抗胆碱酯酶药物（毒扁豆碱、新斯的明、阿米）后，对ACh的升压反应可转变为降压反应，可能伴有二次升压反应，并伴有心动过缓。中枢给予阿托品可选择性消除血管效应，表明其是通过毒蕈碱型胆碱能受体介导的。研究得出结论，对ACh的心血管反应可在大鼠脑不同水平的多个心血管位点启动。似乎在所有这些脑水平的心血管位点中都存在介导升压反应和降压反应的毒蕈碱型胆碱能受体，但比例并不相等。提出的假设是，负责升压作用的毒蕈碱型胆碱能受体对ACh更敏感，在功能上可能比负责降压作用的毒蕈碱型胆碱能受体更具活性，而后者的数量明显更多。本研究为ACh作为中枢胆碱能兴奋和抑制调节因子参与大鼠心血管系统的生理控制这一观点提供了额外支持。
