Drug-induced growth hormone and prolactin responses in schizophrenia research.

1. Interpretation of neuroendocrine studies in schizophrenia requires consideration of (a) the large number of variables that affect drug-induced endocrine responses (b) the effect of prior neuroleptic therapy (c) heterogeneity of schizophrenia (d) heterogeneity of receptors (e) uniqueness of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (f) selectivity and pharmacokinetics of administered drugs. 2. Apomorphine increases growth hormone secretion by an effect on dopamine receptors that are not linked to adenylate cyclase and which are located outside the blood brain barrier. 3. Hypothalamic-pituitary histaminergic H2 and alpha-adrenergic function are unchanged in chronic schizophrenia. 4. Schizophrenic symptoms persist despite complete blockade of dopamine receptors modulating prolactin secretion. 5. Studies on dopamine receptors modulating prolactin secretion are unlikely to shed light on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. 6. Screening for drugs which block apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion but do not increase prolactin may provide a way of detecting anti-schizophrenic drugs which are devoid of side effects associated with hyperprolactinemia and which do not induce parkinsonism or tardive dyskinesia.