Egger J
Aktuelle Gerontol. 1983 May;13(3):96-100.
During their rehabilitation treatment 61 inpatients with different cardiovascular diseases or disorders were investigated with structured interviews, questionnaires about anamnesis and psychological tests in order to determine the individual coping strategies. The mean results show that three of four pts with functional heart and circulatory disorders don't know anything or something wrong about the pathology of their symptoms. Pts with coronary heart disease without myocardial infarction don't have any or any right information in 45%, but coronary infarction-pts don't have any right pathogenetic knowledge in only 12% (differences: p less than .05). The pathogenetic knowledge is not statistically correlated with the age of the pts. In total 54% can't give any reasons for the incidence, 18% are accusing their own health behaviour, 15% say that it is fate and 13% are believing that primarily environmental factors are the best conception about the etiology of their disease. The subjective illness-related psycho-physical irritation show a moderate to average strength and does not depend on pts' age. The main actual cognitive and emotional reaction to illness is in 40% denial, 30% are trying to adept actively to the given situation, 22% show acute mourning and anxiety and 8% respond with rebellion, aggressiveness or anger (differences: p less than .01). There is a tendency growing with increasing life-age to accept the event of illness as a chance for an active change to a better style of life in future. Pts with cardiovascular diseases design an overall optimistic development for their own future: they expect an age of 66.2 years, male pts believe to grow older than female (p less than .01). The prospected satisfaction with life doesn't show any significant differences depending on diagnosis or age. All in all the results lead to the conclusion that the factor "age of life" does not play a dominant role in the process of managing with cardiovascular diseases compared with psychological factors of coping with the illness.
在康复治疗期间，对61名患有不同心血管疾病或病症的住院患者进行了结构化访谈、病史问卷和心理测试，以确定个体应对策略。平均结果显示，四分之三患有功能性心脏和循环系统疾病的患者对其症状的病理情况一无所知或仅了解一点。无心肌梗死的冠心病患者中，45%没有任何正确信息或仅有部分正确信息，但心肌梗死患者中只有12%没有任何正确的发病机制知识（差异：p小于0.05）。发病机制知识与患者年龄无统计学相关性。总体而言，54%的患者无法给出发病原因，18%指责自身健康行为，15%认为是命运所致，13%认为主要是环境因素导致其患病。主观的与疾病相关的心理生理刺激表现为中度到平均强度，且不依赖于患者年龄。对疾病的主要实际认知和情绪反应中，40%为否认，30%试图积极适应既定情况，22%表现出急性悲伤和焦虑，8%表现为反抗、攻击性或愤怒（差异：p小于0.01）。随着年龄增长，有越来越倾向于将患病视为未来积极改变生活方式的机会。患有心血管疾病的患者对自己的未来总体持乐观态度：他们预期寿命为66.2岁，男性患者认为自己会比女性活得更久（p小于0.01）。预期的生活满意度在诊断或年龄方面没有显著差异。总体而言，结果得出结论，与应对疾病的心理因素相比，“年龄”因素在心血管疾病管理过程中并不起主导作用。
