Conner C S
Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1983 Sep;17(9):639-40. doi: 10.1177/106002808301700906.
Syndrome malin refers to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a combination of extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction, hypertension, and coma, which has been reported primarily with haloperidol administration, but also with fluphenazine, thiothixene, and thioridazine. NMS is much more severe than typical extrapyramidal reactions to neuroleptic agents and can result in fatality. The syndrome is not dose related and can begin within hours of initiation of therapy or after months of treatment. Treatment of NMS has been mainly supportive in the past. Recent reports have suggested benefits from the use of bromocriptine and amantadine (dopaminergic agonists), based on a possible etiology of neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic blockade. Dantrolene also has been utilized successfully in NMS on the hypothesis that the syndrome is similar to anesthetic-induced malignant hyperthermia. These agents provide a more specific treatment for this potentially lethal syndrome.
恶性综合征指的是抗精神病药恶性综合征（NMS），它是锥体外系症状、高热、自主神经功能障碍、高血压和昏迷的一种组合，主要报道于使用氟哌啶醇后，但使用氟奋乃静、替沃噻吨和硫利达嗪后也有发生。NMS比典型的抗精神病药锥体外系反应严重得多，可导致死亡。该综合征与剂量无关，可在治疗开始数小时内或治疗数月后出现。过去，NMS的治疗主要是支持性的。最近的报告表明，基于抗精神病药诱发多巴胺能阻滞的可能病因，使用溴隐亭和金刚烷胺（多巴胺能激动剂）有益。基于该综合征类似于麻醉诱发的恶性高热这一假设，丹曲林也已成功用于NMS。这些药物为这种潜在致命综合征提供了更具针对性的治疗。
