Kandel E R
Am J Psychiatry. 1983 Oct;140(10):1277-93. doi: 10.1176/ajp.140.10.1277.
Through the use of animal models, specific forms of mentation can now be explored on the cellular and molecular levels. Chronic anxiety and anticipatory anxiety in humans are closely paralleled by two forms of learned fear in the sea snail Aplysia: sensitization and aversive classical conditioning. In Aplysia's simple nervous system it is possible to delineate how the two forms are acquired and maintained. Both rely on the mechanisms of presynaptic facilitation. An augmented form of presynaptic facilitation accounts for the associative component of conditioning. These findings suggest that a surprisingly simple set of cellular and molecular mechanisms in various combinations may underlie a wide range of both adaptive and maladaptive behavioral modifications.
通过使用动物模型，现在可以在细胞和分子水平上探索特定形式的心理活动。人类的慢性焦虑和预期焦虑与海兔的两种习得性恐惧形式密切相似：敏感化和厌恶经典条件作用。在海兔简单的神经系统中，可以描绘出这两种形式是如何获得和维持的。两者都依赖于突触前易化机制。一种增强形式的突触前易化解释了条件作用的关联成分。这些发现表明，一系列令人惊讶的简单细胞和分子机制以各种组合方式，可能构成了广泛的适应性和适应不良行为改变的基础。
