Burke R E
Neurology. 1984 Oct;34(10):1348-53. doi: 10.1212/wnl.34.10.1348.
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) consists of persistent involuntary movements that are due to antipsychotic drug treatment. Prevention depends on accurate psychiatric diagnosis and use of antipsychotics only for specific indications. Little is known about what antipsychotic drug regimens affect the risk of TD. Clinical subtypes of TD may exist. Tardive dystonia differs from oral choreic TD in its clinical phenomenology, epidemiology, and clinical pharmacology. Another possible subtype, persistent motor restlessness, seems also distinguishable in its phenomenology and epidemiology. Both of these forms of TD can be disabling, whereas typical oral TD often is not. Although TD may spontaneously remit more often than was once believed, it nevertheless is often persistent. No current therapy is universally effective.
迟发性运动障碍（TD）由抗精神病药物治疗引起的持续性不自主运动组成。预防取决于准确的精神病学诊断以及仅在特定适应症下使用抗精神病药物。关于哪些抗精神病药物治疗方案会影响TD的风险，目前知之甚少。TD可能存在临床亚型。迟发性肌张力障碍在临床现象学、流行病学和临床药理学方面与口部舞蹈症型TD不同。另一种可能的亚型，持续性运动性不安，在其现象学和流行病学方面似乎也可区分。这两种TD形式都可能导致残疾，而典型的口部TD通常不会。尽管TD可能比曾经认为的更常自发缓解，但它仍然常常持续存在。目前没有一种疗法是普遍有效的。
