Moss J, Burns D L, Hsia J A, Hewlett E L, Guerrant R L, Vaughan M
Ann Intern Med. 1984 Nov;101(5):653-66. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-101-5-653.
In several bacterial diseases, the clinical, laboratory, and histologic findings result from the elaboration by the organism of a toxic product that binds to and may enter the host cell to alter its metabolism. In some cases, the intracellular mediators of toxin action are the cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), the ubiquitous second messengers through which numerous hormones, neurotransmitters, and drugs exert their effects. Certain toxins act by enhancing the activity of cellular enzymes that synthesize cAMP or cGMP; and others, by themselves catalyzing cAMP synthesis after entering the cell. Studies of the mechanism of action of these toxins have helped in deciphering the enzymatic components within animal cells that are responsible for cyclic nucleotide synthesis, degradation, and function as well as in understanding the pathogenesis of the diseases in which they are involved.
在几种细菌性疾病中，临床、实验室和组织学检查结果是由病原体产生的一种毒性产物所致，该产物可与宿主细胞结合并可能进入宿主细胞以改变其代谢。在某些情况下，毒素作用的细胞内介质是环核苷酸，即环腺苷5'-单磷酸（cAMP）和环鸟苷5'-单磷酸（cGMP），它们是众多激素、神经递质和药物发挥作用所通过的普遍存在的第二信使。某些毒素通过增强合成cAMP或cGMP的细胞酶的活性起作用；而其他毒素则在进入细胞后自身催化cAMP合成。对这些毒素作用机制的研究有助于解读动物细胞内负责环核苷酸合成、降解和功能的酶成分，以及理解它们所涉及疾病的发病机制。
