Antigens, enzymes and hormones. Their roles as tumor markers in gynecologic neoplasia.

The membranes of neoplastic cells contain a variety of glycoproteins which may function as antigens, hormones, or as key enzymes in the modification of the cell surface. The structure of the normal cell membrane, and the glycoproteins which may present within it, are briefly surveyed. Specific emphasis is placed on antigenic changes related to tumors found within the female genital tract. In addition, enzyme changes and mechanisms for the release of these proteins from the cell surfaces are discussed. Methods for detecting glycoprotein (antigenic) changes are briefly surveyed.