Szymendera J J, Zborzil J, Sikorowa L, Kamińska J A, Gadek A
Oncology. 1981;38(4):222-9. doi: 10.1159/000225555.
Serum levels of AFP, CEA, hCG, hPL and SP1 were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 111 patients with testicular germ cell tumors. Seminomas, mature teratomas and "pure type" embryonal carcinomas, as well as the latter two types of tumor with seminomatous admixture, do not produce markers unless in advanced stages when they may do so (small amounts of hCP, hPL and SP1). Tumors composed of yolk-sac elements alone or mixed with embryonal carcinoma produce AFP: of syncytiotrophoblastic elements - hCG, hPL or SP1; and teratomas with differentiated structures - CEA. Compound tumors can produce any of the five markers. When present in serum after orchiectomy or lymphadenectomy, the markers are useful both in diagnosis of the tumor elements that metastasized and in staging; whereas their absence does not exclude regional or distant metastases which may contain only marker-negative elements, e.g., due to changes in tumor histology. Measurement of the serum levels of the markers informs about the remaining regional tumor elements or latent metastases and therefore is more useful than immunoperoxidase staining which provides information on the already dissected structures only.
采用特异性放射免疫分析法对111例睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤患者的血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）、人胎盘催乳素（hPL）和妊娠特异性β1糖蛋白（SP1）水平进行了检测。精原细胞瘤、成熟畸胎瘤和“纯型”胚胎癌，以及后两种伴有精原细胞瘤成分的肿瘤，除非处于晚期阶段（此时可能会产生少量hCP、hPL和SP1），否则不会产生标志物。仅由卵黄囊成分组成或与胚胎癌混合的肿瘤会产生AFP；合体滋养层成分的肿瘤会产生hCG、hPL或SP1；具有分化结构的畸胎瘤会产生CEA。复合肿瘤可产生这五种标志物中的任何一种。在睾丸切除或淋巴结切除术后血清中出现这些标志物时，它们对于已发生转移的肿瘤成分的诊断及分期均有帮助；而其不存在并不排除可能仅包含标志物阴性成分的区域或远处转移，例如由于肿瘤组织学改变所致。检测血清标志物水平可了解剩余的区域肿瘤成分或潜在转移灶，因此比免疫过氧化物酶染色更有用，后者仅能提供关于已切除结构的信息。
