Silver-staining patterns of mammalian epididymal spermatozoa.

Epididymal spermatozoa from 12 species of mammals were stained using silver nitrate and examined with the light microscope. Silver nitrate differentiates many of the gross morphological features of spermatozoa, including the acrosome, subacrosomal region, perforatorium, postacrosomal sheath, neck, dense outer fibers of the core of the midpiece, annulus, principal piece, and end piece. Silver-staining patterns of spermatozoa reveal both species-specific and strain-specific differences, particularly of the sperm head. The biochemical basis of silver staining may be due in part to the presence of sulfhydryl- and disulfide-rich proteins; however, it cannot be explained entirely by the presence of these moieties. The detail obtained using silver nitrate staining, coupled with the ease and rapidity of the procedure, should be useful to workers in many areas of biological and medical research.