Nervous control of mammalian salivary glands.

In the production and flow of saliva, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves generally cooperate, although variations between the different salivary glands are considerable, particularly in the sympathetic innervation. In the submandibular gland of the dog, sympathetic impulses cause secretion via beta-adrenoceptors, and since sympathetic motor effects are elicited via alpha-adrenoceptors it is possible to study separately motor and secretory effects in this gland. Such experiments indicate that myoepithelial contractions serve to accelerate the salivary flow and to support the secreting acinar cells and prevent back-flow of fluid from the luminal system into the glandular tissues. The contractions are elicited reflexly from the oral mucosa together with secretion. A potentiation interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves occurs in the formation of the primary saliva. In parotid glands of rabbits and rats such an interaction has been demonstrated in the secretion of amylase.