Tervo T, Tervo K, Eränkö L
Med Biol. 1982 Apr;60(2):53-60.
This article deals with the neuropeptides found in the eye and their actions. Substance P (SP) and VIP have been found in the anterior chamber of the eye. Here SP is localized in the sensory nerves of the sclera, cornea, iris, ciliary body and ciliary processes. It is supposed to be a sensory transmitter but can also be liberated by peripheral nerve endings as a response to various trauma. When this happens in the eye, for instance, after irritation of the Vth cranial nerve, SP causes an intense and long lasting miosis and may have some further actions as well. VIP has been demonstrated in nerves (probably cholinergic) of the posterior choroid and ciliary body. It is a potent vasodilator and may regulate choroideal blood flow. The retina is especially rich in different neuropeptides. SP, VIP, neurotensin, enkephalin, somatostatin, glucagon and gonadotropin-releasing hormone have all been demonstrated in the inner plexiform layer of the retina of various animal species. Specific information about the physiological role of retinal neuropeptides is still scarce but research is in progress. Considering the clinical significance of the new information about ocular neuropeptides, SP seems to be the most important substance. Recently a synthetic SP antagonist was reported to block the inflammatory response in the rabbit eye, which suggests a clinical use for this type of compounds.
本文论述了在眼睛中发现的神经肽及其作用。P物质（SP）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）已在眼前房中被发现。在这里，SP定位于巩膜、角膜、虹膜、睫状体和睫状突的感觉神经中。它被认为是一种感觉递质，但也可由外周神经末梢在对各种创伤的反应中释放。例如，当这种情况在眼睛中发生时，如在第五对脑神经受到刺激后，SP会引起强烈且持久的瞳孔缩小，并且可能还有一些其他作用。VIP已在脉络膜后部和睫状体的神经（可能是胆碱能神经）中被证实。它是一种强效血管舒张剂，可能调节脉络膜血流。视网膜尤其富含不同的神经肽。SP、VIP、神经降压素、脑啡肽、生长抑素、胰高血糖素和促性腺激素释放激素在各种动物物种的视网膜内丛状层中均已被证实。关于视网膜神经肽生理作用的具体信息仍然很少，但研究正在进行中。考虑到有关眼神经肽新信息的临床意义，SP似乎是最重要的物质。最近有报道称一种合成的SP拮抗剂可阻断兔眼的炎症反应，这表明这类化合物具有临床应用价值。
