Guin J D
Med Clin North Am. 1982 Jul;66(4):831-49. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31397-9.
Urticaria represents a wide variety of conditions characterized by urticarial papules, wheals, and angioedema. The number of potential causes of urticaria is legion, but a diligent search by careful history and examination is indicated. Laboratory testing depends upon the specific situation, but routine screening examinations are not cost effective. Histamine from mast cells plays an important role in urticaria. Multiple factors, such as aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, direct histamine-releasing agents (including benzoates), tartrazine and other azo dyes, and perhaps blockers of beta 2-adrenergic activity and H2 receptors, adversely influence histamine release either directly or indirectly. Vasodilation is also detrimental. Treatment of both acute and chronic urticaria necessitates removal of the patient from aggravating factors as well as the cause of the outbreak (if one can be found), along with effective antihistaminic agents and perhaps beta 2-adrenergic agonists. Treatment of specific entities within the urticarial group is briefly outlined in this article.
荨麻疹表现为多种以风团性丘疹、风团和血管性水肿为特征的病症。荨麻疹的潜在病因众多，但需要通过详细的病史询问和仔细的检查来进行认真排查。实验室检查取决于具体情况，但常规筛查检查并不划算。肥大细胞释放的组胺在荨麻疹中起重要作用。多种因素，如阿司匹林和其他非甾体类抗炎药、直接组胺释放剂（包括苯甲酸盐）、酒石黄和其他偶氮染料，以及可能的β2肾上腺素能活性阻滞剂和H2受体阻滞剂，会直接或间接对组胺释放产生不利影响。血管扩张也有不良作用。急性和慢性荨麻疹的治疗都需要让患者远离加重因素以及发作原因（如果能找到的话），同时使用有效的抗组胺药，可能还需要使用β2肾上腺素能激动剂。本文简要概述了荨麻疹组内特定病症的治疗方法。
