Corwin J T, Bullock T H, Schweitzer J
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1982 Dec;54(6):629-41. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(82)90117-1.
In representative elasmobranchs, osteichthyans, amphibians, reptiles and birds, average evoked potentials in response to acoustic clicks and tone bursts were recorded intracranially, but outside the brain, or extracranially. Controls against artifacts and tests after transections show that these potentials conform to criteria for auditory brain stem responses (ABRs). Brief waves in a 10-15 msec sequence originate successively in the eighth nerve, medulla and midbrain; there is little contribution to the latter waves from the lower levels. This response pattern appears to be consistent within each species and is similar to that extensively studied in mammals. Some of its features are remarkably alike in all the vertebrate classes tested, implying a generality in the existence of a subset of auditory neurons at several brain levels that are highly synchronous in activity, even after several synapses, and geometrically oriented to add their macroscopic, open, dipole fields. The intensity, repetition rate and the power spectrum of the click stimuli have little effect on the ABR pattern, except when the peak energy is in the low frequency range. In the range below ca. 700 Hz frequency content has a considerable effect; lower frequencies broaden certain waves. Cooling has marked and differential effects on component processes. Reversing click phase, e.g. from initial compression to initial rarefaction, can show no effect or any of several effects, depending on the species. Tone bursts evoke onset ABRs and in some cases after a transitional period a sustained frequency following response. The ABR resembles a click evoked potential even when stimulus rise time is slow. Background tones of particular frequency are most efficient in masking click evoked ABRs; white noise is less efficient. The ABR should be useful in neuroethology since it can be studied without invading the brain. It can tell that the brain is sensitive to a sound. In an immobilized animal it can be recorded in a single sweep, or it can be averaged from an awake tethered animal. It shows good sensitivity and at least some correspondence with behavioral measures of hearing.
在具有代表性的软骨鱼类、硬骨鱼类、两栖类、爬行类和鸟类中，对声点击和声脉冲串的平均诱发电位是在颅内但在脑外，即颅外记录的。对伪迹的控制和横断后的测试表明，这些电位符合听觉脑干反应（ABR）的标准。10 - 15毫秒序列中的短波依次起源于第八对脑神经、延髓和中脑；较低水平对后一波的贡献很小。这种反应模式在每个物种中似乎是一致的，并且与在哺乳动物中广泛研究的模式相似。在所有测试的脊椎动物类群中，其一些特征非常相似，这意味着在几个脑水平上存在一组听觉神经元，它们即使经过几个突触后活动仍高度同步，并且在几何上定向以叠加它们的宏观、开放偶极场。点击刺激的强度、重复率和功率谱对ABR模式影响很小，除非峰值能量在低频范围内。在约700赫兹以下的范围内，频率成分有相当大的影响；较低频率会使某些波变宽。冷却对组成过程有显著的差异影响。反转点击相位，例如从初始压缩变为初始稀疏，可能没有影响或产生几种影响中的任何一种，这取决于物种。声脉冲串会引发起始ABR，在某些情况下，经过一个过渡期后会出现持续的频率跟随反应。即使刺激上升时间很慢，ABR也类似于点击诱发电位。特定频率的背景音在掩盖点击诱发的ABR方面最有效；白噪声则效果较差。ABR在神经行为学中应该是有用的，因为它可以在不侵入大脑的情况下进行研究。它可以表明大脑对声音敏感。在固定的动物中，可以单次记录，或者可以从清醒的系留动物中进行平均记录。它显示出良好的敏感性，并且至少与听力的行为测量有一定的对应关系。
