Weissberg J B
Arch Surg. 1983 Jan;118(1):96-104. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1983.01390010072017.
The intradiation techniques in the last several decades has resulted in a wider application of radiation therapy to the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials have shown benefit for preoperative and/or postoperative irradiation in carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. Endocavitary radiation techniques have been employed successfully in early, accessible rectal cancers as an alternative to abdominal perineal resection. High-dose external beam irradiation with and without concomitant chemotherapy has produced encouraging results in locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Benefit for radiotherapy in locally advanced gastric carcinoma has been demonstrated as well. In carcinoma of the esophagus, radiotherapy has resulted in long-term control in selected patients and also has been employed with modest success in combination with surgery. Interstitial radiation techniques, intraoperative electron beam therapy, and fast neutrons, heavy charged particles, and other forms of high linear energy transfer radiation are being investigated and may eventually find greater application.
在过去几十年中，腔内放射技术使得放射治疗在胃肠道癌治疗中的应用更为广泛。对照和非对照临床试验已表明，术前和/或术后放疗对直肠癌和直肠乙状结肠癌有益。腔内放射技术已成功应用于早期、可触及的直肠癌，作为腹会阴切除术的替代方法。高剂量外照射联合或不联合化疗，已在局部晚期、无法切除的胰腺癌中取得了令人鼓舞的结果。局部晚期胃癌放疗的益处也已得到证实。在食管癌中，放疗已使部分患者获得长期控制，并且与手术联合应用也取得了一定成功。组织间放射技术、术中电子束治疗以及快中子、重带电粒子和其他形式的高线性能量传递辐射正在研究中，最终可能会得到更广泛的应用。
