Sjölund K, Sandén G, Håkanson R, Sundler F
Gastroenterology. 1983 Nov;85(5):1120-30.
The regional and topographic distribution of endocrine cells in the human intestine was examined by immunohistochemistry. The frequency of endocrine cells was greatest in the small intestine with the rectum next in order. The duodenum and jejunum harbored a large number of different endocrine cell types; the spectrum of cell types gradually narrowed distally in the intestine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-containing enterochromaffin cells were present in all regions of the intestine and comprised the single largest endocrine cell population. In addition, a minor proportion of these cells contained substance P. The second largest cell population consisted of the glicentin cells, which were notably numerous in the ileum and colon. The somatostatin cells also occurred throughout the digestive tract. Cells storing cholecystokinin, motilin, secretin, or gastric inhibitory polypeptide were more numerous in the proximal and middle small intestine than distally. Gastrin cells were few and occurred in the proximal duodenum only. Other cells in the small intestine reacted with antiserum directed against the common C-terminus of gastrin and cholecystokinin. The number of these cells greatly exceeded the sum of cells reactive to gastrin-specific or cholecystokinin-specific antisera. Cells displaying beta-endorphin, pro-gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, or beta-lipotropin immunoreactivity, or a combination of these, were found in the small intestine. Cells storing neurotensin, glicentin, substance P, or pro-gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone increased in number distally in the small intestine. Enterochromaffin cells, glicentin cells, and somatostatin cells were the predominant endocrine cell types in the colon and rectum. The majority of the glicentin-immunoreactive cells also contained glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity. Endocrine cells in the large intestine often possessed basal processes.
采用免疫组织化学方法研究了人肠道内分泌细胞的区域和地形分布。内分泌细胞的频率在小肠中最高，直肠次之。十二指肠和空肠含有大量不同类型的内分泌细胞；细胞类型的范围在肠道中向远端逐渐变窄。含5-羟色胺的肠嗜铬细胞存在于肠道的所有区域，是单一最大的内分泌细胞群体。此外，这些细胞中有一小部分含有P物质。第二大细胞群体由胰高血糖素原细胞组成，在回肠和结肠中数量显著。生长抑素细胞也分布于整个消化道。储存胆囊收缩素、胃动素、促胰液素或胃抑制多肽的细胞在小肠近端和中部比远端更多。胃泌素细胞很少，仅出现在十二指肠近端。小肠中的其他细胞与针对胃泌素和胆囊收缩素共同C末端的抗血清发生反应。这些细胞的数量大大超过了对胃泌素特异性或胆囊收缩素特异性抗血清有反应的细胞总和。在小肠中发现了显示β-内啡肽、促γ-黑素细胞刺激激素或β-促脂素免疫反应性或这些反应性组合的细胞。储存神经降压素、胰高血糖素原、P物质或促γ-黑素细胞刺激激素的细胞在小肠中向远端数量增加。肠嗜铬细胞、胰高血糖素原细胞和生长抑素细胞是结肠和直肠中的主要内分泌细胞类型。大多数胰高血糖素原免疫反应性细胞还含有胰高血糖素和胰多肽样免疫反应性。大肠中的内分泌细胞通常具有基底突起。
