Bruengger A, Bartsch G, Hollinger B E, Holly B, Rohr H P
J Urol. 1983 Dec;130(6):1208-10. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)51762-0.
Human benign prostatic hyperplasia is a predominantly stromal hyperplasia with accumulation of connective tissue. The main ultrastructural finding, which may be causal, is an activation of the smooth muscle cells, as seen by an increase of the volume density of the organelles within these cells. The dog is widely used as an animal model for human prostatic hyperplasia in spite of several differences. In this work the smooth muscle cells of the spontaneous and steroid-induced (by treating castrates with dihydrotestosterone and estradiol) prostatic hyperplasia of dogs were analysed by electron microscopical morphometry, and compared to estrogen or tamoxifen (antiestrogen) treated dogs as well as to untreated or castrated control dogs. The results clearly show that the prostatic smooth muscle cells of the dog can be activated by estrogen as well as tamoxifen, which proves the estrogenic side activity of the latter. In marked contrast to that, neither in the spontaneous nor in the steroid-induced prostatic hyperplasia could an activation of the smooth muscle cells be found. This is a most important difference from human benign prostatic hyperplasia, which limits the use of this animal model, and it might even be the explanation of the different reaction of human and canine prostatic hyperplasia to therapeutic hormonal manipulations.
人类良性前列腺增生主要是一种伴有结缔组织积聚的基质增生。主要的超微结构发现（可能是病因性的）是平滑肌细胞的激活，这可通过这些细胞内细胞器体积密度的增加来观察到。尽管存在一些差异，但狗被广泛用作人类前列腺增生的动物模型。在这项研究中，通过电子显微镜形态计量学分析了狗自发性和类固醇诱导性（用二氢睾酮和雌二醇治疗去势狗）前列腺增生的平滑肌细胞，并与雌激素或他莫昔芬（抗雌激素）治疗的狗以及未治疗或去势的对照狗进行了比较。结果清楚地表明，狗的前列腺平滑肌细胞可被雌激素以及他莫昔芬激活，这证明了后者的雌激素样副作用。与此形成鲜明对比的是，在自发性或类固醇诱导性前列腺增生中均未发现平滑肌细胞的激活。这是与人类良性前列腺增生的一个最重要差异，它限制了这种动物模型的使用，甚至可能是人类和犬类前列腺增生对治疗性激素操作反应不同的原因。
