Balkan R, Hoyt C S
Am J Ophthalmol. 1984 Mar;97(3):315-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(84)90629-9.
A study of ten patients (six girls and four boys ranging in age from 17 months to 9 1/2 years) with congenital third nerve palsies showed that not all cases are benign without other signs of focal neurologic damage. Six of the ten children showed some degree of pupillary involvement, five had signs of oculomotor synkinesis, four had associated focal neurologic abnormalities, and two had generalized developmental delay. Only three children showed no signs of neurologic change except the third nerve palsy. Although congenital third nerve palsies are incompletely understood, these lesions probably occur as a result of the damage both to the peripheral nerve and to the brain stem itself. Signs of oculomotor synkinesis do not occur in all cases and the pupil is frequently spared.
一项针对10例先天性动眼神经麻痹患者（6名女孩和4名男孩，年龄从17个月至9岁半）的研究表明，并非所有病例在没有其他局灶性神经损伤迹象时都是良性的。10名儿童中有6名表现出一定程度的瞳孔受累，5名有动眼神经联带运动体征，4名伴有局灶性神经异常，2名有全面发育迟缓。只有3名儿童除动眼神经麻痹外未表现出神经变化迹象。尽管先天性动眼神经麻痹尚未被完全理解，但这些病变可能是由于外周神经和脑干本身受损所致。动眼神经联带运动体征并非在所有病例中都出现，瞳孔通常不受影响。
