Chen I J, Chiu H F, Huang H T, Teng C M
Toxicon. 1984;22(1):17-28. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(84)90134-x.
Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom, carrageenin, compound 48/80, trypsin and bovine serum albumin were injected s.c. into the plantar muscle to induce edema formation in the hind paw of rats. The venom was the most potent, and it and compound 48/80 induced the maximum swelling rate of edema within 15 - 30 min after injection. The edema volume induced by the venom was dose-dependent between 2.5 and 10 micrograms. Hydrocortisone, phenylbutazone, indomethacin and diphenhydramine inhibited edema induced by the venom and other inflammatory agents. Diphenhydramine was the most effective inhibitor of edema and increased vascular permeability induced by the venom. Injection of the venom i.p. caused exocytosis and degranulation of mesentery mast cells with a decreased electron density of released granules. Systemic administration of diphenhydramine inhibited the venom-induced exocytosis. Diphenhydramine and pyrilamine inhibited the contraction of guinea-pig ileum caused by venom or compound 48/80. It is concluded that histamine released from mast cells plays an important role in the causation of the edema induced by Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus snakebites.
将竹叶青蛇毒、角叉菜胶、48/80化合物、胰蛋白酶和牛血清白蛋白皮下注射到大鼠后爪的足底肌肉中，以诱导水肿形成。蛇毒的效力最强，它和48/80化合物在注射后15 - 30分钟内诱导水肿的最大肿胀率。在2.5至10微克之间，蛇毒诱导的水肿体积呈剂量依赖性。氢化可的松、保泰松、吲哚美辛和苯海拉明可抑制蛇毒和其他炎性介质诱导的水肿。苯海拉明是水肿最有效的抑制剂，并可增加蛇毒诱导的血管通透性。腹腔注射蛇毒导致肠系膜肥大细胞的胞吐作用和脱颗粒，释放颗粒的电子密度降低。苯海拉明全身给药可抑制蛇毒诱导的胞吐作用。苯海拉明和吡拉明可抑制由蛇毒或48/80化合物引起的豚鼠回肠收缩。结论是肥大细胞释放的组胺在竹叶青蛇咬伤诱导的水肿形成中起重要作用。
