Turvey M T, Kugler P N
Am J Physiol. 1984 Jun;246(6 Pt 2):R925-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.6.R925.
Symbol strings are advanced as the informational basis for many biological, physiological, and psychological phenomena. The role ascribed to them is that of indicating or directing states of affairs. Pattee has suggested that nature exploits information in this quasi-linguistic sense sparingly, that symbol strings are limited in detail, and that their relation to dynamics is one of complementation. A different, nonsymbolic view of information that addresses how animals can guide their locomotion in cluttered surroundings has been pursued by Gibson. It has considerable generality: information is low-dimensional qualitative properties of low-energy fields, lawfully generated by properties of systems and surround. It is argued that in the absence of information in Gibson's specificational sense, information in the indicational-injunctional sense is ineffective, and it is suggested that perplexities about the selective content of symbol strings may be resolved by a thoroughgoing understanding of Gibsonian information.
符号串被视为许多生物、生理和心理现象的信息基础。赋予它们的作用是指示或引导事态。帕蒂认为，自然界在这种准语言意义上很少利用信息，符号串在细节上是有限的，并且它们与动力学的关系是互补关系之一。吉布森提出了一种不同的、非符号化的信息观点，该观点探讨了动物如何在杂乱的环境中引导自身运动。它具有相当的普遍性：信息是低能量场的低维定性属性，由系统及其周围环境的属性合法产生。有人认为，在没有吉布森意义上的特定信息的情况下，指示性 - 指令性意义上的信息是无效的，并且有人建议，通过对吉布森式信息的透彻理解，可能会解决关于符号串选择性内容的困惑。
