Treatment of sections of chick retina with acetylcholinesterase increases the enkephalin and substance P immunoreactivity.

Frozen sections 10 microns thick were cut from the retina of chicks which had been kept either in total darkness or in a well lit room. The sections were incubated with acetylcholinesterase before antibodies to [Leu] enkephalin, substance P or somatostatin were applied. Sections of bovine adrenals were treated similarly but they were developed only with antibodies to [Leu]enkephalin. There were low numbers of immunoreactive amacrine cells and processes when any of the three antibodies were used on sections of dark-adapted retinae. When the sections were treated with acetylcholinesterase, however, the enkephalin-like and substance P-like immunoreactivity was enhanced while there was no effect on somatostatin. Counts of immunofluorescent cells indicated that the numbers had increased to levels like those found in light-adapted retinae. The adrenal also showed an enhanced enkephalin-like immunoreaction after treatment with the enzyme. Incubation with buffer alone or with enzyme together with 10 mM acetylcholine abolished the reaction. Acetylcholinesterase treatment of sections from light-adapted retinae had no discernible effect on the already high immunoreaction found using any of the three antisera. It is concluded that the peptidase activity of acetylcholinesterase has the capacity to hydrolyze proteins of which some may be the precursor molecules for the enkephalins and substance P. Since the amacrine cells that contain the enkephalin-like and the substance P-like immunoreactivity were found to contain acetylcholinesterase, it is possible that the action found here in vitro represents a physiological function of the enzyme. The immunoreactivity on which there was no effect, somatostatin, does not co-exist with acetylcholinesterase. A second conclusion that may be drawn from these data is that the dark-adapted retinae lose immunoreactive peptide because of the rate of processing; the results suggest that there is adequate precursor molecule available to maintain "control" levels.