Gross K B
J Appl Toxicol. 1981 Apr;1(2):116-23. doi: 10.1002/jat.2550010211.
The purpose of this work was to assess the potential effect that chronic inhalation of diesel exhaust may have on lung mechanics and lung volume. Noninvasive pulmonary function tests that produced data on lung air flows and volumes have been conducted repeatedly on 25 male Fischer-344 rats exposed to diesel exhaust at a particulate concentration of 1500 micrograms m-3, 20 h per day, 5 1/2 days per week, for 612 days. The same tests were conducted on 25 clean air control animals. When the data were normalized, the majority of tests did not reveal any significant deviation from the norm for the first year of exposure. In the second year, the functional residual capacity and its component volumes - expiratory reserve and residual volume, maximum expiratory flow at 40% of vital capacity, maximum expiratory flow at 20% of vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s - were significantly greater in the diesel exposed animals. The data are inconsistent with known clinically significant adverse health effects. Although the lung volume changes in the diesel exposed animals could be indicative of emphysema or other forms of chronic obstructive lung disease, this interpretation is contradicted by the air flow data which suggest simultaneous lowering of the resistance of the smaller airways. The observations are not consistent with documented clinical lung disease in man.
这项工作的目的是评估长期吸入柴油废气可能对肺力学和肺容量产生的潜在影响。对25只雄性Fischer-344大鼠进行了无创肺功能测试，这些大鼠每天20小时、每周5.5天暴露于颗粒物浓度为1500微克/立方米的柴油废气中，持续612天，测试反复进行，以获取有关肺气流和肺容量的数据。对25只清洁空气对照动物也进行了同样的测试。当数据进行归一化处理后，在暴露的第一年，大多数测试未显示出与正常标准有任何显著偏差。在第二年，暴露于柴油废气的动物的功能残气量及其组成容积——呼气储备量和残气量、肺活量40%时的最大呼气流量、肺活量20%时的最大呼气流量以及0.1秒用力呼气量——显著更大。这些数据与已知的具有临床意义的不良健康影响不一致。尽管暴露于柴油废气的动物的肺容量变化可能表明患有肺气肿或其他形式的慢性阻塞性肺疾病，但这种解释与气流数据相矛盾，气流数据表明较小气道的阻力同时降低。这些观察结果与人类已记录的临床肺部疾病不一致。
