Hackenbruch W, Karpf P M
Fortschr Med. 1978 Jan 26;96(4):147-8, 161-6.
The exact diagnosis of affections of the knee is most important, especially of the capsulo-ligamentous lesions. To-day more and more younger patients are suffering from knee-instability. The modern possibilities of operative reconstruction lead to excellent results if the operation is performed at an optimal date. During the last years progress also was achieved concerning the knowledge of the mechanics and the pathophysiology of the knee. New methods of clinical investigation and new clinical findings were possible. Specific tests for the diagnosis of instability of the anterior cruciate ligament have to be emphasized. These tests are specially important if there is only an insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament which cannot be proven by the other clinical findings. X-ray examination is necessary to search for a fracture or an avulsion of the bone. In all other problems the exact clinical examination leads to the diagnosis.
膝关节疾病的准确诊断至关重要，尤其是关节囊韧带损伤。如今，越来越多的年轻患者患有膝关节不稳定。如果在最佳时机进行手术，现代手术重建的可能性会带来出色的效果。在过去几年中，关于膝关节力学和病理生理学的认识也取得了进展。出现了新的临床研究方法和新的临床发现。必须强调用于诊断前交叉韧带不稳定的特定检查。如果仅存在前交叉韧带功能不全而其他临床检查结果无法证实，这些检查就尤为重要。X线检查对于寻找骨折或骨撕脱是必要的。在所有其他问题中，准确的临床检查可得出诊断结果。
