Karpf P M
Fortschr Med. 1977 Jan 27;95(4):191-4.
The anatomy of the capsulo-ligamentous structures is most important because of its immense significance for the physiology of the knee joint and its high danger to lesions. On the other hand there exists new knowledge of anatomy which leads to a revision of the importance of the clinical findings. It must be emphasized that the capsule is as essential for the passive stability of the joint as the 4 known main ligaments. Therefore, the instability of varus and valgus must be tested in full extension and in slight flexion of 20 to 30 degrees. To exclude rotatory instability the anterior drawer test of Slocum and Larson (1968) must be routinely performed. If the rotatory drawer sign is positive a lesion of the dorsal capsule and the anterior cruciate ligament is to be suspected.
关节囊韧带结构的解剖最为重要，因为其对膝关节生理功能意义重大且损伤风险高。另一方面，新的解剖学知识导致对临床发现重要性的重新审视。必须强调的是，关节囊对于关节的被动稳定性与已知的4条主要韧带同样重要。因此，必须在完全伸直以及20至30度轻微屈曲时测试内翻和外翻的不稳定性。为排除旋转不稳定，必须常规进行Slocum和Larson（1968年）的前抽屉试验。如果旋转抽屉征呈阳性，则怀疑背侧关节囊和前交叉韧带有损伤。
