Gibbs R C, Boxer M C
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982 Jun;6(6):1061-9. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(82)70091-x.
A brief review of pedal anatomy and the mechanisms enabling feet to function as organs of locomotion is presented. The importance of the subtalar joint is emphasized. Four major abnormalities disturbing normal foot function are noted, and the most commonly encountered of these alterations, rearfoot varus, is discussed in some detail. A series of pedal abnormalities in rearfoot varus occurs because in the foot's attempt to overcome its imbalance, it pronates excessively and causes development of callus, corn, hallux valgus, and even ingrown toenail. Haglund's deformity, soft corn, and tailor's bunion are also secondary to the abnormality. Attempts to restrict the germinal compensatory pronation by various forms of padding of the medial aspect of the foot are frequently rewarded by restoration of asymptomatic feet. Surgical means of restoring normal function are briefly discussed.
本文简要回顾了足部解剖结构以及使足部能够作为运动器官发挥功能的机制。强调了距下关节的重要性。指出了四种干扰正常足部功能的主要异常情况，并对其中最常见的一种改变——后足内翻进行了较为详细的讨论。一系列后足内翻的足部异常情况出现是因为足部在试图克服失衡时过度旋前，从而导致胼胝、鸡眼、拇外翻甚至嵌甲的形成。哈格伦德畸形、软鸡眼和小趾囊炎也继发于这种异常情况。通过对足部内侧进行各种形式的衬垫来限制原发性代偿性旋前的尝试，常常能使足部恢复无症状状态。还简要讨论了恢复正常功能的手术方法。
