Logan G D, Zbrodoff N J
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1982 Aug;8(4):502-20. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.8.4.502.
In three experiments, subjects reported the identity of a word (above or below) that appeared above or below a fixation point. On some trials, a cue presented 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, or 1,000 msec before the word indicated the relation between position and identity (i.e., whether the dimensions were compatible, e.g., above/above and below/below, or conflicted, e.g., above/below and below/above). On the other trials, the cue was withheld (Experiment 2) or it bore no information about the relation between dimensions (Experiment 1 and 3). In each experiment, the cue reduced reaction time below the level of no-cue or neutral-cue controls, indicating strategic use of the relation between dimensions. Experiments 1 and 2 manipulated the number of potential cues that could occur in a block. A stronger cuing effect was found when one cue could occur (Experiment 2) than when two cues could occur (Experiment 1). Experiment 3 manipulated practice; it revealed that with practice the cuing effect reached asymptote at shorter delays. The asymptote itself did not change. Experiment 4 showed that cue-delay effects were independent of warning interval (warning interval and cue delay confounded in Experiment 1, 2, and 3). The experiments demonstrate construction and utilization of strategies; they show that construction is sensitive to constraints imposed by the subject's goals and abilities and by the structure of the task environment.
在三个实验中，受试者要报告出现在注视点上方或下方的一个单词（上方或下方）的身份。在某些试验中，在单词出现前100、200、400、600、800或1000毫秒呈现的一个线索表明了位置与身份之间的关系（即维度是否兼容，例如上方/上方和下方/下方，或者冲突，例如上方/下方和下方/上方）。在其他试验中，不呈现线索（实验2）或线索不包含关于维度之间关系的信息（实验1和3）。在每个实验中，线索都将反应时间缩短到无线索或中性线索控制水平以下，这表明受试者策略性地利用了维度之间的关系。实验1和2操纵了一个组块中可能出现的潜在线索的数量。当只能出现一个线索时（实验2）比能出现两个线索时（实验1）发现了更强的线索效应。实验3操纵了练习；结果显示，随着练习，线索效应在更短的延迟时达到渐近线。渐近线本身没有变化。实验4表明线索延迟效应与警告间隔无关（在实验1、2和3中警告间隔和线索延迟混淆在一起）。这些实验证明了策略的构建和运用；它们表明构建对受试者的目标和能力以及任务环境结构所施加的限制很敏感。
