Albrecht G L, Walker V G, Levy J A
Soc Sci Med. 1982;16(14):1319-27. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90027-2.
Attribution of responsibility and disruption of social interaction are two explanations proposed in previous literature for the existence of differential social distance from individuals with various types of stigmas. This paper tests the relative merits of the theories in explaining perceived social distance that individuals in the study expressed from a wide range of stigmatized conditions representing two general stigma types: the disabled and deviants. The research is based on a sample of professionals and managers in key decision making positions. Perceived social distance was measured by a modified Bogardus Scale. Respondents expressed greater social distance from deviants such as alcoholics and drug addicts than from the disabled such as paraplegics and the blind. Little support was found for the contention that attribution of responsibility determines variations in social distance across or within the two major stigma types of disability and deviance. Rather, results suggest that differential rejection stems from the disruption a stigma causes in social interaction.
责任归因和社会互动干扰是先前文献中针对与各类有污名者存在不同社会距离的现象提出的两种解释。本文检验了这些理论在解释研究中的个体对代表两种一般污名类型（残疾人和越轨者）的广泛污名化状况所表达的感知社会距离方面的相对优点。该研究基于处于关键决策岗位的专业人员和管理人员样本。感知社会距离通过修改后的博加德斯量表进行测量。与截瘫患者和盲人等残疾人相比，受访者表示与酗酒者和吸毒者等越轨者的社会距离更大。对于责任归因决定了残疾和越轨这两种主要污名类型之间或之内社会距离差异的观点，几乎没有得到支持。相反，结果表明差异排斥源于污名在社会互动中造成的干扰。
