Hoshi H, Weiss L
Lab Invest. 1978 Jan;38(1):67-80.
Saponin rapidly induced injury to the wall of vascular sinuses in rabbit bone marrow so that the barrier between hematopoietic cells and the circulation became defective. This change was followed by hypocellularity and necrosis and fibrosis. Adult male rabbits received saponin intravenously (2 mg. per kg.) every 4 days for periods of up to 4 weeks; the animals were killed at varied times. In untreated animals, much of the sinus wall consisted only of endothelium. Within 2 hours after administration of saponin the endothelium was damaged and hematopoietic cells, mostly reticulocytes and normoblasts, entered the circulation. Some sinuses hemorrhaged into the hematopoietic compartment. At 4 hours, sinuses were markedly dilated and hemorrhage was extensive. By 3 days, extravasated erythrocytes, which were tending to aggregate, were unevenly distributed in the extravascular space of marrow. Damaged hematopoietic cells were dispersed among them. Regenerating blood vessels were noted and a few clusters of hematopoietic cells occurred in association with fibroblasts. At 1 week, a large portion of the marrow was either necrotic or contained large-scale diffuse or focal hemorrhage. Fibrotic areas often surrounded the arteries. After 2 to 4 weeks, myelofibrosis became pronounced. The fibrotic tissue was well vascularized and contained small clusters of hematopoietic cells and a few fat cells. Macrophages were abundant and tended to fuse, forming multinucleated giant cells surrounding pockets of degenerated fat cells.
皂苷能迅速损伤兔骨髓血管窦壁，使造血细胞与循环系统之间的屏障出现缺陷。这种变化随后会导致细胞减少、坏死和纤维化。成年雄性兔每4天静脉注射皂苷（2毫克/千克），持续长达4周；在不同时间处死动物。在未处理的动物中，大部分窦壁仅由内皮组成。注射皂苷后2小时内，内皮受损，造血细胞（主要是网织红细胞和成红细胞）进入循环系统。一些窦向造血区出血。4小时时，窦明显扩张，出血广泛。到3天时，渗出的红细胞趋于聚集，在骨髓血管外间隙分布不均。受损的造血细胞散布在其中。可见再生血管，少数造血细胞簇与成纤维细胞相伴出现。1周时，大部分骨髓要么坏死，要么有大规模弥漫性或局灶性出血。纤维化区域常围绕动脉。2至4周后，骨髓纤维化变得明显。纤维化组织血管丰富，含有少量造血细胞簇和一些脂肪细胞。巨噬细胞丰富，倾向于融合，形成围绕退化脂肪细胞囊袋的多核巨细胞。
