Bahna S L, Gandhi M D
Ann Allergy. 1983 May;50(5):295-301.
To date the most reliable procedure for the diagnosis of milk hypersensitivity is a properly conducted elimination-challenge test. Several in vitro tests have been developed but because of the diverse underlying mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions to milk developing a single laboratory test that can be universally positive in every patient would be rather difficult. However, with a better categorization of milk-sensitive patients, together with the development of relevant, standardized and practical tests, the laboratory diagnosis of milk allergy should become more reliable. Milk hypersensitivity can be effectively treated and is largely preventable. Avoidance is the most effective mode of treatment and results in a good prognosis. In instances where the desired degree of avoidance cannot be attained pharmacologic agents may be of help. The need still exists for developing an effective procedure of hyposensitization. For prevention, prolonged breast feeding should be recommended, especially in infants of atopic families.
迄今为止，诊断牛奶过敏最可靠的方法是进行得当的排除-激发试验。已经开发了几种体外试验，但由于对牛奶过敏反应的潜在机制多种多样，因此开发一种能在每个患者中都普遍呈阳性的单一实验室检测相当困难。然而，随着对牛奶敏感患者的更好分类，以及相关、标准化和实用检测方法的发展，牛奶过敏的实验室诊断应该会变得更可靠。牛奶过敏可以得到有效治疗，而且在很大程度上是可以预防的。避免接触是最有效的治疗方式，预后良好。在无法达到所需的避免接触程度的情况下，药物可能会有所帮助。仍然需要开发一种有效的减敏程序。为了预防，建议延长母乳喂养时间，尤其是对于有特应性家族史的婴儿。
