Lederballe Pedersen O
Hypertension. 1983 Jul-Aug;5(4 Pt 2):II74-9. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.5.4_pt_2.ii74.
The use of calcium blockers in arterial hypertension is based on experimental evidence for an altered role of calcium (Ca++) in hypertensive vascular smooth muscle and enhanced vasodilatatory effects of these drugs in the hypertensive organism. Both verapamil and nifedipine reduce blood pressure acutely and on chronic administration. Acute administration results in reflex-activated increments of heart rate, plasma renin activity, and plasma catecholamines after nifedipine, whereas these effects are less conspicuous after verapamil. Acute diuretic, natriuretic, and uricosuric effects can be demonstrated. On repeated administration of nifedipine, a degree of tolerance develops and on long-term administration it may be necessary to combine it with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker and a diuretic. In animal experiments, calcium blockers have shown favorable effects on hypertensive cardiovascular structural changes, but such unique beneficial effects remain to be demonstrated in the human disease.
钙通道阻滞剂用于治疗动脉高血压，是基于实验证据表明钙（Ca++）在高血压血管平滑肌中的作用发生改变，以及这些药物在高血压机体中具有增强的血管舒张作用。维拉帕米和硝苯地平均可急性降低血压，并在长期给药时也有此效果。急性给药后，硝苯地平会导致心率、血浆肾素活性和血浆儿茶酚胺反射性增加，而维拉帕米的这些作用则不那么明显。可以证明其具有急性利尿、利钠和促尿酸尿的作用。重复给予硝苯地平会产生一定程度的耐受性，长期给药时可能需要将其与β肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂和利尿剂联合使用。在动物实验中，钙通道阻滞剂已显示出对高血压心血管结构变化有有利影响，但这种独特的有益作用在人类疾病中仍有待证实。
