Low back pain.

Low back pain probably always will be a problem because of the anatomic arrangement of the lower spine and posture in standing and walking. However, during recent years, new attempts at diagnosis and treatment of this difficult problem have occurred, and it is now possible, in most cases, with a good history, physical examination, and diagnostic work-up to determine the cause of the problem. The injuries are still difficult to treat in many cases, but often with a thorough explanation to the patient about the underlying problem and mechanism of pain, and with use of the "back school" and conservative measures, most of the patients can continue on with daily activities. Formal surgery is playing less of a role in the treatment of back problems, with the development of various injections and percutaneous techniques. Still to be addressed, and where considerable effort and energy should be spent, is in the prevention of back problems with changes in daily habits and in increased awareness of ways to avoid back injuries.