Winckler G
Arch Anat Histol Embryol. 1982;65:49-56.
This study shows different aspects of the innervation of some striated muscles. It appears that neuromuscular spindles are not present in all skeletal muscles. Some muscles of the oto-rhino-laryngological region lack spindles whilst their direct antagonists possess them. Amongst the muscles of the external and middle ear, the soft palate and the larynx having opposite actions, there is in each case one muscle which does not have any spindles. These muscles then have only motor innervation. The muscles which have neuro-muscular spindles are innervated by nerves composed of extra- and intrafusal motor fibres and proprioceptive fibres. The neuro-muscular spindles play a servo-braking role in the muscle where they occur. They oppose then a certain passive elongation of the muscle. At the same time and in this manner, they contribute in controlling and restraining the action of the muscles or of their opponents. This role is particularly important for the various muscles of the oto-rhinolaryngological region and is all the more important since the amplitude of the movements which they cause is very weak. The presence of these spindles increases also the sensitivity and the delicacy of the desired movement, for the behaviour of these muscles is very special.
本研究展示了一些横纹肌神经支配的不同方面。似乎并非所有骨骼肌中都存在神经肌肉纺锤体。耳鼻喉科区域的一些肌肉缺乏纺锤体，而其直接拮抗肌则有。在具有相反作用的外耳和中耳、软腭及喉部的肌肉中，每种情况都有一块肌肉没有任何纺锤体。这些肌肉因而仅有运动神经支配。具有神经肌肉纺锤体的肌肉由包含梭外和梭内运动纤维以及本体感觉纤维的神经支配。神经肌肉纺锤体在其所在的肌肉中起伺服制动作用。它们会抵抗肌肉的一定被动伸长。同时并以这种方式，它们有助于控制和限制肌肉或其拮抗肌的作用。这一作用对耳鼻喉科区域的各种肌肉尤为重要，而且由于它们引起的运动幅度非常小，所以更为重要。这些纺锤体的存在还增加了所需运动的敏感性和精细度，因为这些肌肉的行为非常特殊。
