Cervical and lumbar dysfunction are frequent causes of neck and low back pain. The biomechanics and kinesiology of the spinal column determine the type of orthosis appropriate for the patient. Lumbar orthoses consist of corsets and braces. Corsets increase intra-abdominal pressure, reducing stresses on the lumbar spine. Braces reduce mobility. Simple cervical collars do not significantly reduce vertebral motion, so that more complex orthoses are required for cervical instability.
颈椎和腰椎功能障碍是颈部和下背部疼痛的常见原因。脊柱的生物力学和运动学决定了适合患者的矫形器类型。腰部矫形器包括束腹带和支具。束腹带可增加腹内压，减轻腰椎的压力。支具则减少活动度。简单的颈托并不能显著减少椎体运动，因此颈椎不稳定需要更复杂的矫形器。
