Effects of thoracic volume and shape on electromechanical coupling in abdominal muscles.

To assess the effects of lung volume and chest wall configuration on electromechanical coupling of the abdominal muscles, we examined the relationship between abdominal muscle pressure ( Pmus ) and electrical activity ( EMGab ) in eight normal subjects during expiratory efforts at lung volumes ranging from functional residual capacity (FRC) to FRC + 2.0 liters. At and above FRC, increases of lung volume did not significantly alter either the Pmus - EMGab relationship or abdominal surface linear dimensions, although expiratory efforts displaced the abdomen inward from its relaxed position. We attribute the constancy of delta Pmus /delta EMG above FRC to the negligible effects of increasing lung volume on abdominal configuration and muscle length. Expiratory efforts performed at lung volumes below FRC resulted in a wider range of abdominal indrawing . Under these conditions the EMGab required to augment Pmus by 30-40 cmH2O increased as the abdomen was displaced inward. This decrease of delta Pmus /delta EMGab appears to reflect muscle shortening, flattening of the abdominal wall, and possibly deformation of the rib cage.