Halme J, Hammond M G, Hulka J F, Raj S G, Talbert L M
Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Aug;64(2):151-4.
Blood was found in the peritoneal fluid in 90% of women with patent tubes at laparoscopy during perimenstrual time. If the fallopian tubes were occluded, then only 15% of patients had evidence of blood in the pelvis. Also, 90% of patients with endometriosis and eight of nine women on oral contraceptives had bloody fluid during the menstrual period. The present observations indicate that retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity is a very common physiologic event in all menstruating women with patent tubes.
在腹腔镜检查时，90%输卵管通畅的围经期女性的腹腔液中发现有血液。如果输卵管堵塞，那么只有15%的患者盆腔有血液迹象。此外，90%的子宫内膜异位症患者以及9名口服避孕药女性中的8名在月经期有血性液体。目前的观察结果表明，经血通过输卵管逆行进入腹腔是所有输卵管通畅的月经女性中非常常见的生理现象。
