Philpott D E, Corbett R, Turnbill C, Harrison G, Leaffer D, Black S, Sapp W, Klein G, Savik L F
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1978 Jan;49(1 Pt 1):19-28.
The eyes from six rats were fixed at the recovery site in Russia after they had circled the earth for 19.5 d in a 62.8 degree orbit. The eyes of six more flight rats were fixed 25 d later. These two preparations and eyes exposed to 1000 rad of neon and argon were compared to obtain data on possible radiation effects on the retina. Most of the flight eye tissue was normal; however, necrotic nuclei were found in the outer nuclear layer and channels were located in the outer segment area. Macrophages were seen between the pigment layer and outer segments. Comparison of the Day zero znd 25-d postflight eyes suggested some possible recovery. Light flashes seen by space travelers and damage from cosmic rays appear to arise from two different sites of interaction. The flashes are created by cosmic ray transversal of the outer segments while pathologic change, when it occurs, is quite possibly from interaction with some part of the nucleus. Nevertheless, direct interaction with other cellular components could also occur. Other factors, such as secondaries from spacecraft shielding, may play an important role.
六只大鼠的眼睛在绕地球62.8度轨道飞行19.5天后，于俄罗斯的回收地点被固定。另外六只飞行大鼠的眼睛在25天后被固定。将这两组样本以及暴露于1000拉德氖和氩的眼睛进行比较，以获取关于辐射对视网膜可能影响的数据。大多数飞行眼组织是正常的；然而，在外核层发现了坏死的细胞核，在外段区域有通道。在色素层和外段之间可见巨噬细胞。飞行后第0天和第25天眼睛的比较表明有一些可能的恢复。太空旅行者看到的闪光和宇宙射线造成的损伤似乎源于两个不同的相互作用部位。闪光是由宇宙射线穿过外段产生的，而病理变化（如果发生）很可能是与细胞核的某些部分相互作用所致。然而，也可能与其他细胞成分发生直接相互作用。其他因素，如航天器屏蔽产生的次级粒子，可能起重要作用。
