Baker B E
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984 Aug;16(4):323-7.
A strain, by definition, is a stretching or tearing of a musculotendinous unit. The degree of disability associated with this injury is dictated by the location and severity of the injury and the specific needs of the patient. A strain can be arbitrarily classified as first, second, or third degree. A first-degree strain consists of minimal stretching of the musculotendinous unit without permanent injury; a second-degree strain indicates partial tearing of the musculotendinous unit; and a third-degree strain indicates complete disruption of a portion of this unit. Swelling, bleeding, and localized discomfort accompany the injury which may produce temporary disability. Initial treatment following an acute strain should consist of the use of ice, immobilization of the musculotendinous unit, and subsequent rehabilitation. Depending on the degree of disability and the specific structure injured, surgery may be indicated. Rehabilitation to a normal state following the initial healing phase is required prior to return to athletic competition.
根据定义，拉伤是指肌肉肌腱单位的拉伸或撕裂。与这种损伤相关的残疾程度取决于损伤的部位和严重程度以及患者的具体需求。拉伤可被任意分为一度、二度或三度。一度拉伤是指肌肉肌腱单位仅有轻微拉伸，无永久性损伤；二度拉伤表示肌肉肌腱单位部分撕裂；三度拉伤则表示该单位的一部分完全断裂。损伤会伴有肿胀、出血和局部不适，可能导致暂时的残疾。急性拉伤后的初始治疗应包括使用冰敷、固定肌肉肌腱单位以及随后的康复治疗。根据残疾程度和受伤的具体结构，可能需要进行手术。在恢复体育比赛之前，需要在初始愈合阶段之后进行康复，以恢复到正常状态。
