Linton S J, Götestam K G
Br J Clin Psychol. 1984 Nov;23 ( Pt 4):291-9. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01303.x.
Chronic back/joint pain patients participated in a comparative study of relaxation and operant therapies for chronic pain. Patients were randomly assigned to: (1) a waiting-list control, or to either (2) an applied relaxation, or (3) an applied relaxation plus operant conditioning treatment programme. Waiting patients were subsequently randomly assigned to active treatment. The results indicated that the treatment groups tended to do significantly better than the waiting-list control group for pain, medicine use, activity, and depression, but there were few clear differences between the treatment groups. Applied relaxation plus the operant programme was significantly better than relaxation for medicine reduction, and applied relaxation was better than relaxation and operant conditioning for a patient evaluation of reaching treatment goals. Within-group and single-subject analyses indicated that there were significant improvements between pre- and post-tests for the treatment groups, but not for the waiting-list control group. Follow-up data indicated maintenance, and that applied relaxation had significantly lower pain ratings than applied relaxation plus operant conditioning. Taken as a whole, the results show that applied relaxation can produce significant decreases in pain, and that the addition of an operant programme does not improve pain reductions, but does tend to improve results with activity and especially medicine intake variables.
慢性背痛/关节痛患者参与了一项针对慢性疼痛的放松疗法与操作性疗法的对比研究。患者被随机分为：(1) 等待名单对照组，或 (2) 应用放松疗法组，或 (3) 应用放松疗法加操作性条件反射治疗方案组。随后，等待组患者被随机分配至积极治疗组。结果表明，治疗组在疼痛、药物使用、活动能力和抑郁方面的表现往往显著优于等待名单对照组，但各治疗组之间的明显差异较少。应用放松疗法加操作性方案在减少药物使用方面显著优于单纯放松疗法，而在患者对达到治疗目标的评估方面，应用放松疗法优于放松疗法加操作性条件反射疗法。组内分析和单病例分析表明，治疗组在测试前和测试后有显著改善，但等待名单对照组没有。随访数据表明治疗效果得以维持，且应用放松疗法的疼痛评分显著低于应用放松疗法加操作性条件反射疗法。总体而言，结果表明应用放松疗法可显著减轻疼痛，增加操作性方案并不能进一步减轻疼痛，但确实有助于改善活动能力，尤其是在药物摄入量变量方面的效果。
