Kelso J A, Tuller B, Vatikiotis-Bateson E, Fowler C A
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1984 Dec;10(6):812-32. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.10.6.812.
In three experiments we show that articulatory patterns in response to jaw perturbations are specific to the utterance produced. In Experiments 1 and 2, an unexpected constant force load (5.88 N) applied during upward jaw motion for final /b/ closure in the utterance /baeb/ revealed nearly immediate compensation in upper and lower lips, but not the tongue, on the first perturbation trial. The same perturbation applied during the utterance /baez/ evoked rapid and increased tongue-muscle activity for /z/ frication, but no active lip compensation. Although jaw perturbation represented a threat to both utterances, no perceptible distortion of speech occurred. In Experiment 3, the phase of the jaw perturbation was varied during the production of bilabial consonants. Remote reactions in the upper lip were observed only when the jaw was perturbed during the closing phase of motion. These findings provide evidence for flexibly assembled coordinative structures in speech production.
在三项实验中，我们表明，对下颌扰动的发音模式特定于所产生的话语。在实验1和实验2中，在发出/baeb/音时，为实现最终的/b/音闭合，在上颌向上运动期间施加意外的恒定力负载（5.88牛），在第一次扰动试验中，上唇和下唇几乎立即出现补偿动作，但舌头没有。在发出/baez/音时施加相同的扰动，会引发/z/摩擦音的快速且增强的舌肌活动，但唇部没有主动补偿动作。尽管下颌扰动对两种发音都构成了威胁，但并未出现可察觉的语音失真。在实验3中，在双唇辅音发音过程中改变下颌扰动的阶段。仅当在运动的闭合阶段下颌受到扰动时，才观察到上唇的远程反应。这些发现为言语产生中灵活组装的协调结构提供了证据。
